Nurse profiles in evaluating incivility: even a slight sexism in employment affects the evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Workplace incivility is a serious concern in the healthcare setting worldwide. Addressing how sexism impacts this, may help administrators take action to reduce this problem and to increase safety at work. METHODS: 557 nurses (63% women) read a hospital scene describing an episode of incivility from a nurse leader towards a nurse employee. They then evaluated the situation regarding their awareness, tolerance, and their beliefs toward sexism by completing a self-report questionnaire. FINDINGS: Two distinct nurse profiles emerged: high-sensitivity and medium-sensitivity. Medium-sensitivity nurses were significantly higher in sexism in employment, and differ in their evaluation of workplace incivility from highly sensitive nurses. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of nurses are sensitive to workplace incivility, but those with sexist tendencies in employment are less aware and tolerate uncivil episodes to a greater extent. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: Training nurses to be aware of workplace incivility is necessary, especially for those demonstrating sexism.

Does authentic leadership promote higher job satisfaction in public versus private organizations? Exploring the role of vigor and engagement.

Background: Several studies have suggested that leaders showing high levels of authentic leadership increase workers' overall job satisfaction, which is composed of different aspects with some distinctions among them. Furthermore, the implication of affective and motivational variables, such as vigor and engagement at work, respectively, have not been jointly considered for analysing the differences and similarities between public and private organizations. Thus, this study aims to analyze whether vigor at work and engagement at work play a mediating role between authentic leadership and different aspects of job satisfaction, considering both public and private organizations, to propose a trans-organizational model. Method: In this cross-sectional and cross-sectoral study, 1029 workers in private (n = 619) and public (n = 410) organizations from Spain participated completing a questionnaire. Results: Structural equation modelling was used to perform a multigroup mediation analysis (public versus private organizations) in which the invariance between groups was previously explored. The model showed a good fit to the data in which authentic leadership affected the dimensions of job satisfaction both directly and indirectly (through vigor at work and engagement). However, authentic leadership had a greater positive effect on vigor at work for private organizations; whereas work engagement was not significantly related to the job satisfaction dimension related to legal aspects for public organizations. Conclusion: The vigor at work and work engagement were important variables to explain the authentic leadership-job satisfaction relationship in both private and public organizations. Nevertheless, the relationship between work engagement and the dimensions of job satisfaction was different for both organizations.

Vigor at work mediates the effect of transformational and authentic leadership on engagement.

Several studies have posited that authentic leadership (AL) and transformational leadership (TFL) imply ethical behaviour that can mitigate tendencies towards low engagement at work. However, there is a lack of studies analysing, for the same sample, the effect of both styles as a job resource and their effects on employees' engagement as a means of facilitating their work goals and reducing their job demands. This study addresses this shortcoming by analysing the relations of both leadership styles to vigor, an affective construct, and engagement at work, a motivational outcome. Moreover, the possible mediation effect of vigor at work on the relationship between both leadership styles and engagement is considered. Finally, we explore the differential contributions of both styles to employees' resources. A sample of Spanish employees (N = 215; 48.8% female) under the supervision of a direct leader responded concerning the TFL and AL of their closest supervisor and their own vigor at work and engagement. Our results show that vigor increases the effect of both leadership styles on engagement. Moreover, TFL, to a greater extent than AL, relates to higher engagement. Thus, vigor as an affective dimension mediates the effect of positive leadership on engagement. This study considers, for the same sample, the effects of two related, albeit different, leadership styles. The results indicate that AL and TFL are positively perceived by employees as creating a climate of energy that acts as a resource (both organizational and personal). Practitioners could enhance employees' vigor at work and engagement by promoting these two leadership styles.

Effects of vigor at work and weekly physical activity on job stress and mental health.

This study explores the role of personal resources, specifically vigor at work (a positive affect generated by the ongoing interactions in the workplace) and weekly physical activity (PA), in the stress-mental health relationship, given the positive relationships found between PA and levels of vigor experienced on health. Thus, we hypothesized that vigor at work would mediate the relationship between job stress and workers' mental health, whereas weekly PA would moderate the relationship between stress and vigor at work. Five hundred and twenty-seven workers completed self-report scales for stress, weekly PA, vigor at work, and mental health. The results showed that vigor at work was related to better mental health, whereas stress was related to high psychological problems and low vigor at work. The interaction between stress and weekly PA on vigor was significant, indicating a counterproductive effect of weekly PA. Specifically, the negative relationship between stress and vigor at work was greater when doing weekly PA. In this vein, high levels of weekly PA would not have a favorable impact when workers experience high levels of stress, consuming part of vigor at work and reducing the positive effect of vigor at work on mental health by coping with stress.

Socioemotional Resources and Mental Health in Moroccan Adolescents: A Person-Centered Approach.

Mixture modeling technics are not the one and only to perform person-centered analyses, but they do offer the possibility of integrating latent profiles into models of some complexity that include antecedents and results. When analyzing the contribution of socioemotional resources to the preservation of mental health, it is the variable-centered approaches that are the most often performed, with few examples using a person-centered approach. Moreover, if the focus is on the Arab adolescent population, to our knowledge, there is an absence of such studies. This study aims to extend the research about socioemotional resources by examining: (1) if distinguishable profiles can be identified based on scores about perceptions of different emotional abilities and levels of social support from different sources (e.g., parents, friends, and teachers/counselors); (2) if the identified profiles relate to mental health indicators, such as depression levels and health-related quality of life (HRQoL); and (3) to acknowledge if sociodemographic variables such as age or gender and positive self-views (self-esteem) ascertain the probability of pertaining to the identified profiles. The study was carried out on a large sample of Moroccan adolescents (N = 970). We adopted a person-centered approach using latent profile analysis (LPA) to establish whether different socioemotional resources profiles (e.g., emotional intelligence and social support) are present in Moroccan adolescents. Furthermore, we investigated the role of sociodemographic variables and self-esteem as antecedents of these profiles and the association of these profiles with mental health (depression and HRQoL). Results from LPA revealed three patterns of socioemotional resources (i.e., latent profiles): (1) "High socioemotional resources" (43.09%); (2) "Moderate socioemotional resources" (42.68%); and (3) "Low socioemotional resources" (14.23%). Analyses showed that Moroccan adolescents differed significantly in depression (cognitive-affective and somatic dimensions) and HRQoL depending on the profile membership. Profiles with higher levels of resources contributed positively to preserving mental health. Finally, the results show that self-esteem boosted the probability of pertaining to the profiles related to better mental health. Thus, this study extends previous research about socioemotional resources, highlighting that researchers and health professionals should consider empirically identified profiles of adolescents when explaining mental health outcomes. Therefore, the psychological intervention should be focused on enhancing the self-esteem of adolescents, to favor a high socioemotional resource profile, which results in better mental health.

Hospital nurses experiencing day-to-day workplace incivility: A diary study on the benefits of daily social support.

AIM: The present study investigated the adverse effects of daily experienced incivility and the positive role of daily social support during the workday in predicting daily emotional exhaustion after work and vitality and positive affect at bedtime. BACKGROUND: Despite the broad knowledge of the impact of experienced incivility in different occupations, little is known about day-to-day nurse incivility, much less in the hospital context. METHOD: After completing a general questionnaire, hospital nurses (n = 96) completed a diary questionnaire twice a day for five consecutive workdays (n = 480 diary observations). The diary design had two levels: 5-day repeated measures (Level 1, day level) nested in persons (Level 2, person level) using an experience-sampling methodology. RESULTS: Multilevel hierarchical analyses showed that incivility during the workday increased emotional exhaustion after work (t = 3.00, p = <0.05) and reduced vitality (t = -2.48, p = 0.05) and positive affect (t = -2.23, p = 0.05) at bedtime. However, daily social support during the workday was a crucial job resource that directly benefited hospital nurses' daily wellbeing (t = 5.19, p = 0.01 vitality; t = 4.89, p = 0.01 positive affect) and buffered the adverse effects of daily workplace incivility (t = -2.33, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The within-person approach of our findings suggests that supportive practices can reduce day-to-day incivility spirals. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse managers can promote a civility culture within their units using in service training programmes at work.

¿Es la ambición una cuestión de género? Antecedentes de los estudiantes vs. empleados de la ambición sobre el liderazgo / Is ambition a gendered issue? Students' vs employees' antecedents of Ambition about Leadership

El presente estudio bibliométrico tuvo como objetivo conocer y analizar la actividad científica disponible sobre percepción y detección de violencia de género (VG) e identificación como víctimas. Se realizó una búsqueda sin límite temporal en la base de datos Scopus hallando 2.152 documentos. Para reducir el ruido documental de la búsqueda, se cribaron los resultados y se analizaron 974 documentos finales procedentes de 465 fuentes documentales, 160 revistas, 2.758 autores/as, 159 instituciones y 79 países. Los resultados muestran un aumento en la producción en los últimos años, destacando la publicación de artículos originales. Asimismo, predomina la autoría única por país, siendo Estados Unidos el país puntero. Entre los objetivos de los documentos más citados se encuentra la detección de VG por el personal sanitario, la valoración del riesgo de reincidencia mediante la percepción de las víctimas, así como el estudio de percepciones y actitudes de diferentes actores hacia la VG

This bibliometric study seeks to know and analyse the available scientific activity on the perception and detection of gender violence as well as in the identification as victims. An unlimited search was conducted in the Scopus database, finding 2,152 documents. Subsequently, the results were screened by reducing the documentary noise. The results were obtained from 1984-2020 and the final 974 documents were analysed from 465 documentary sources, 160 journals, 2,758 authors, 159 institutions, and 79 countries. The results show an increase in production in recent years, highlighting the publication of original articles. Likewise, the single author-ship per country predominates, being the United States the leading country. The main objectives of the most cited documents are detection of gender violence by healthcare personnel, assessment of the risk of recidivism through the perception of the victims, as well as the study of perceptions and attitudes of different actors towards gender-violence

Teleworking in Times of COVID-19: Effects on the Acquisition of Personal Resources.

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many employees to introduce different degrees of teleworking, leading to a transformation of the psychosocial work environment. In this study, we analyzed whether the relationship between a labor resource, social support, and a personal resource, vigor at work, is affected by the work modality (face-to-face, hybrid that includes face-to-face work and telework time, and telework caused by the current pandemic situation). Five hundred and forty-three employees answered an online questionnaire about their perceptions of the levels of social support, vigor experienced in the last month, and work modality. Seniority in the organization and the gender of the employees were controlled for. The model fit was significant [F (7, 535) = 20.816, p < 0.001], accounting for 21% of the variation in vigor (R 2 = 0.21). The interaction was also significant [F (2, 535) = 4.13, p < 0.05], with an increase of 1% in the explanation of the variance in vigor at work (ΔR 2 = 0.01). Differences were found in the positive relationship between levels of social support and vigor at work, among the face-to-face and telework modalities (hybrid and telework), but not between teleworking modalities. As a result, we posit that the different forms of telework moderate (buffer) the relationship experienced between labor resources (social support) and personal resources (vigor at work). This implies that, for the design of teleworking conditions, it is necessary to provide work resources similar to those in face-to-face settings, such as social support.

The Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure for Students: Factorial Analysis and Construct Validity in Spanish Undergraduate University Students.

Students suffer from a decrease in physical activity during their education period. This lower level of activity could affect, through various paths, their academic performance, mental health, and satisfaction with life. In these two studies, we assumed that vigor, a positive affect variable, would act as a mediating variable in the above relationship, and thus, we proposed an instrument for evaluating vigor in academic contexts. In Study 1, 707 undergraduates (59.7% women) responded to the vigor scale adapted for students to test factorial validation (through confirmatory factor analysis) and obtain reliability indicators. In Study 2, 309 undergraduates (55.3% women) completed a questionnaire measuring physical activity, mental health, satisfaction with life, vigor, and academic performance to test a structural model of the relationships between the variables to obtain construct validity. A measurement model with three related factors, each representing one dimension of vigor, optimally fit the data, and the reliability indices were adequate (Study 1). Moreover, the mediational model confirmed a complete influence of physical activity on satisfaction with life, academic performance, and mental health levels through students' vigor levels with optimal adjusting values (Study 2). Proposing an instrument such as the Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure for students allows the opening of a research venue that is focused on the study of positive affects in academic contexts, as well as the testing of the physical activity pathways of action in obtaining positive results.

Socioemotional Resources Account for Academic Adjustment in Moroccan Adolescents.

This study aimed to analyze the relationship of both positive socioemotional resources [emotional intelligence (EI) and social support] and negative states (test anxiety and depression) with academic adjustment, as measured by academic performance and self-concept, among Moroccan adolescents. The participants were 845 students from Morocco (372 boys, 473 girls; mean age 15.58 years; SD = 1.69; range = 13-18) who were attending secondary education (79.8%) or high school. The participants completed a questionnaire that included scales to measure the variables of interest, adapted for and validated in Moroccan adolescents. A multiple mediation serial model with four mediator variables confirmed that academic self-concept was positively and directly predicted by EI, academic performance, and social support, whereas test anxiety and depression had a negative effect. Second, EI predicted self-concept through its indirect effects on test anxiety and academic performance, social support, and depression. EI was the most protective factor. This model has good performance in explaining the variation in test anxiety (1.6%), depression (14.2%), social support (9.5%), academic performance (6.8%), and self-concept (35.7%). This study helps clarify the relationship of positive and negative socioemotional states with the academic performance of adolescents in Morocco. This study contributes to the literature by enhancing knowledge of adolescents in societies that, like Morocco, have a less elaborated tradition at these levels of education and that are considering education in their agenda as a way of enhancing national development and promoting EI to allow youth development in a healthier society.

Measurement invariance across gender and age in the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a Spanish general population.

PURPOSE: This study examines the adjustment of different equivalent measurement models for the factorial structures of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), which have shown a good fit to data from the general population. Furthermore, we examine measurement invariance (MI) based on gender and age. METHOD: A total of 1011 Spanish individuals (52.40% female) completed the CD-RISC. RESULTS: The results indicated that the 10-item single-factor model was the only model that fit the data. Significant latent mean differences showed that the levels of resilience among women were significantly lower than those among men. Regarding age, uniform MI was confirmed, showing the homogeneity of the population. CONCLUSIONS: Our exhaustive review of the extant published studies that address factor analyses and gender and age differences demonstrates that the results vary greatly. Furthermore, our model test comparison finds that the 10-item model is the best in the Spanish population. Moreover, men show higher resilience than women, while age is not a decisive variable, most likely showing that life events are more important than these demographic variables.

Observers' reactions to workplace incivility in the masculine domain: How does role congruency explain gender bias in future workers?

Based on Role Congruity Theory, we tested the hypothesis of gender bias by examining gender differences in observers' evaluations of the awareness and acceptability of workplace incivility gender-dyad interaction. Three hundred and ninety-six Spanish high school students (55.3% female) read one scenario of overt incivility (publicly humiliates and openly doubts the employee's judgment) or covert (omits and pays little attention) from a leader (female vs. male) toward a subordinate (female vs. male) in engineering. Results indicated gender differences among observers. From the leader actor of incivility, males were more aware and accepted less the incivility when performed by a female leader in a male domain; whereas females were more aware and accepted less incivility than males in all cases. Regarding the subordinate target of incivility, only females were more aware and accepted less incivility, and both males and females were more aware and accepted less covert incivility. Our results reveal practical implications for interventions from a gender perspective.

Social Support and Emotional Intelligence as Protective Resources for Well-Being in Moroccan Adolescents.

This study aimed to test a structural model to examine the protective role of psychosocial variables, such as social support, emotional intelligence and their interaction, on the cognitive dimension of subjective positive well-being (life satisfaction) and negative well-being (depression) in Moroccan adolescents. The participants consisted of 1277 students (571 men, 694 women and 12 missing values) with a mean age of 16.15 years (SD = 2.22; range = 9 to 23) who attended 26 public schools in different territories of Morocco. These students were in secondary education (n = 893) and high school (n = 378) (6 missing values). The scales for measuring the variables of interest had to be adapted and validated as a previous step for the further proposal of a model of relations. Statistical analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed model. The model that optimally adjusted the data confirmed the protective role of social support in the well-being of Moroccan adolescents. Consistent with previous studies, social support was directly related to well-being. However, it also modulated levels of satisfaction with life. Likewise, the inclusion of emotional intelligence as an additional protective factor contributed to the explanation of the well-being mechanisms in adolescents. In addition to direct associations with the levels of social support, satisfaction with life and depression (negative in the latter case), emotional intelligence participated in a complex chain affecting life satisfaction and life satisfaction affecting depression. Moreover, the interaction of emotional intelligence with social support was confirmed to determine levels of life satisfaction in adolescents. Specifically, social support multiplied the effects of the relationship between satisfaction with life and emotional intelligence in cases of moderate and high levels in Moroccan adolescents. This study fills a gap in the literature by adapting and further analyzing several scales with Moroccan samples of adolescents and by proposing and verifying a relational model that can help researchers and teachers to more precisely clarify these relations according to their context. The enhancement of protective factors, such as social support and emotional intelligence, will promote healthy youth development, thus creating healthier societies in the future.

Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure (SMVM) With Workers in Spain.

Shirom's proposal about engagement focuses on vigor. Under this approach, vigor is considered an affect that mediates the relationship between resources, behaviors, and attitudes related to psychological functioning and health. It is important for occupational health professionals to have adequate measures of this construct. The Shirom-Melamed vigor measure (SMVM) was developed to capture this sense of energy comprising three components (physical strength, emotional energy, and cognitive liveliness). In the absence of a Spanish version of the SMVM, our aim is to perform a cultural adaptation and to further analyze its psychometric properties. In Study 1, we culturally adapt the SMVM in Spanish samples. It incorporates a careful development of a three-step procedure according to the International Test Commission and qualitative analyses to ensure a consensus version. Twenty-six individuals were involved. In Study 2, the responses of 203 workers from different organizations show the validity and reliability of the instrument. Confirmatory factor analyses yield a model with three interrelated dimensions showing good fit indices. Furthermore, concurrent validity is demonstrated. Finally, we discuss the usefulness of the SMVM for occupational health professionals.

In search of a consumer-focused food classification system. An experimental heuristic approach to differentiate degrees of quality.

The present paper focuses on the problems that arise in food classification systems (FCSs), especially when the food product type has different levels or grades of quality. Despite the principal function of these systems being to assist the consumer (to inform, clarify and facilitate choice and purchase), they frequently have the opposite effect. Thus, the main aim of the present research involves providing orientations for the design of effective food classification systems. To address this objective, considering the context of food product consumption (related to heuristic processing), we conducted an experimental study with 720 participants. We analysed the usefulness of heuristic elements by a factorial 2 (category length: short and long) × 3 (visual signs: colours, numbers and images) design in relation to recall and recognition activities. The results showed that the elements used to make the classification more effective for consumers vary depending on whether the user seeks to prioritize the recall or the recognition of product categories. Thus, long categories with images significantly improve recognition, and short categories with colours improve recall. A series of recommendations are provided that can help to enhance FCSs and to make them more intuitive and easier to understand for consumers. Implications with regard to theory and practice are discussed.

The Importance of Emotional Intelligence and Cognitive Style in Institutionalized Older Adults' Quality of Life.

Despite previous evidence showing a positive relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and quality of life (QoL), associating older adults' emotional processing with several health indicators, few studies have explored both the IE and the a mechanisms through which they affect QoL. This cross-sectional study analyzes the mediator role of optimistic and pessimistic cognitive styles in the relationship between perceived EI (PEI) and QoL in 115 institutionalized older adults from Southern Spain. Regression analyses showed, after controlling for cognitive style, that PEI predicted a significant percentage of variance in: Health (ß = .25, p < .01), Functional abilities (ß = .20, p < .05), Activity and leisure (ß = .17, p < .05) and Life satisfaction (ß = .21, p < .05). Additionally, multiple mediation analysis revealed that cognitive style partially mediated the relationship between PEI and Health, Activity and leisure and Life satisfaction. Thus, PEI could promote personal but not external or environmental QoL aspects, highlighting the importance of developing emotional skills for healthy aging.

Core Self-Evaluations and Individual Strategies of Coping with Unemployment among Displaced Spanish Workers.

Unemployment has negative but also positive effects on mental health and general well-being depending on which coping strategies the individual use. Our aim was to determine the contribution of core self-evaluations in explaining the coping strategies of job search and job devaluation, as well as to test the potential moderation effect of job search and mediation effect of job devaluation on the relationship between self core-evaluations and both positive and negative experience of unemployment. One hundred seventy-eight individuals who lost their jobs involuntarily for a longer period than one month completed a questionnaire while attending to employment office. Results show that there is a significant relation between core-self evaluations and job devaluation (.37**). Furthermore, core-self evaluations were positively related to positive experience of unemployment (r = .31; p < .01) and negatively related to negative experience of unemployment (r = .60; p < .01). Moreover, self-core evaluations predicted both coping with unemployment strategies (job devaluation; ß = .26; p < .01 and job search ß = .19; p < .05). However, job search did not moderate the relationship between core self-evaluations and experience of unemployment. But, individuals with a longer duration of the current period of unemployment and higher core self-evaluations had a more positive experience of unemployment, and job devaluation partially mediated this relation (SE = .002; p = .038). These results imply that programs interventions should include the improvement of core self-evaluations and the positive experience of unemployed people.

Core self-evaluations and individual strategies of coping with unemployment among displaced Spanish workers

Unemployment has negative but also positive effects on mental health and general well-being depending on which coping strategies the individual use. Our aim was to determine the contribution of core self-evaluations in explaining the coping strategies of job search and job devaluation, as well as to test the potential moderation effect of job search and mediation effect of job devaluation on the relationship between self core-evaluations and both positive and negative experience of unemployment. One hundred seventy-eight individuals who lost their jobs involuntarily for a longer period than one month completed a questionnaire while attending to employment office. Results show that there is a significant relation between core-self evaluations and job devaluation (.37**). Furthermore, core-self evaluations were positively related to positive experience of unemployment (r = .31; p < .01) and negatively related to negative experience of unemployment (r = .60; p < .01). Moreover, self-core evaluations predicted both coping with unemployment strategies (job devaluation; β = .26; p < .01 and job search β = .19; p < .05). However, job search did not moderate the relationship between core self-evaluations and experience of unemployment. But, individuals with a longer duration of the current period of unemployment and higher core self-evaluations had a more positive experience of unemployment, and job devaluation partially mediated this relation (SE = .002; p = .038). These results imply that programs interventions should include the improvement of core self-evaluations and the positive experience of unemployed people (AU)

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Estudiantes de Enfermería en prácticas clínicas: el rol de la inteligencia emocional en los estresores ocupacionales y bienestar psicológico / Nursing students in their clinical practice: The role of emotional intelligence on occupational stressors and well-being

Objetivo principal: En este trabajo analizamos la influencia que tiene la Inteligencia Emocional Percibida (IEP) sobre los estresores ocupacionales y el bienestar psicológico, en estudiantes de Enfermería durante su periodo de prácticas clínicas. Metodología: Este estudio es descriptivo, transversal y basado en autoinformes. Un total de 127 estudiantes de Enfermería que realizaban sus prácticas en centros de salud y hospitales completaron, en el momento en que realizaban sus prácticas clínicas, una batería de cuestionarios que medían IEP, estresores ocupacionales específicos al ámbito de la Enfermería y bienestar psicológico. La selección se realizó en el periodo en que atendían a clases teóricas en la Universidad. Resultados principales: La atención a las emociones es el principal predictor del estrés ocupacional durante el periodo de prácticas. Por otra parte, son la claridad emocional y la regulación las dimensiones que predicen el bienestar psicológico. En conjunto, la atención a las emociones y la regulación emocional explican la varianza de 5 sobre 9 fuentes de estrés durante las prácticas clínicas. En concreto, contacto con el sufrimiento, incapacidad para controlar la relación con el paciente, pacientes que buscan relaciones íntimas, implicación emocional y sobrecarga laboral. Asimismo, la claridad emocional y la regulación explican conjuntamente, parte de la varianza de las dimensiones de bienestar psicológico. Conclusión principal: Los niveles de Inteligencia Emocional ayudan a los estudiantes de Enfermería a afrontar mucho mejor las situaciones estresantes del trabajo. Estos resultados son muy importantes puesto que la inclusión de programas de entrenamiento en inteligencia emocional ayudaría a preparar a los futuros enfermeros ante los estresores ocupacionales, propios de su trabajo, y a afrontarlos adecuadamente

Objective: In this paper we analyze the influence of Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI) on occupational stressors and psychological well-being of nursing students during their clinical practice. Methods: This study is descriptive, cross-sectional and self-report based. A total of 127 nursing students, enrolled in their clinical practices in health settings, completed a set of questionnaires measuring PEI, occupational stressors in clinical practices, and psychological well-being. They were selected when they attended the university at theoretical classes, by convenience sampling. Results: Our results show that emotional attention was the main predictor for occupational stress during clinical practices, whereas emotional clarity and repair predicted psychological well-being. Taken together, emotional attention and emotional repair have partly accounted for the variance of five out of nine sources of job stress during clinical practice. Specifically, contact with suffering, inability to control relations with the patient, emotional involvement, patients seeking an intimate relation and workload. Also, the clarity and emotional repair accounted for part of the variance in the dimensions of psychological well-being. Conclusions: These findings are important to prepare future nurses to face and to cope with occupational stressors

The Moderator Role of Perceived Emotional Intelligence in the Relationship between Sources of Stress and Mental Health in Teachers.

This study analyzes the role of Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI) on sources of job stress and mental health in 250 elementary school teachers from Jaén (Spain). The aim of the study was two-fold: (1) to analyze the associations between Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI), sources of occupational stress and mental health; and (2) to determine whether PEI moderates the relationship between sources of occupational stress and mental health. An initial sample of 250 teachers was assessed Three questionnaires, the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, the Sources of Stress Scale in Teachers and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey, were used to evaluate PEI, sources of occupational stress and mental health, respectively. Teachers with higher levels of emotional attention reported lower levels of mental health (r = -.30; p < .001), while teachers showing high emotional clarity reported better emotional role (r = .14; p < .05) and social functioning (r = .15; p < .05). Moreover, PEI components moderate the relationship between sources of occupational stress and emotional role. Specifically, each significant interaction (i.e., deficiencies x attention, adaptation x attention, and adaptation x clarity) made a small and unique contribution in the explanation of emotional role (all p < .05, all sr 2 ∼ .02). Finally, our results imply that PEI is an important moderator of teachers´ occupational stressors on mental health.